{"id":139235,"date":"2026-01-01T21:06:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T21:06:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?p=139235"},"modified":"2026-01-01T21:17:47","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T21:17:47","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%af-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b2-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?p=139235","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648.. 42 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 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decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"139238\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?attachment_id=139238\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/da69e76b-bdf7-4490-a4fd-255c0aa22e78.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1066\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1767216844&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"da69e76b-bdf7-4490-a4fd-255c0aa22e78\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/da69e76b-bdf7-4490-a4fd-255c0aa22e78-300x200.jpeg\" 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"139239\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?attachment_id=139239\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1706\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1767216844&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-300x200.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-1024x682.jpeg\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-139239\" src=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/357d4aeb-732e-416b-9a39-63955ae9fb43-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0643\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"139240\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?attachment_id=139240\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1066\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1767216845&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-300x200.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-1024x682.jpeg\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-139240\" src=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/212507ac-5c92-483f-a767-a168f715eaab.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"139241\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?attachment_id=139241\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1066\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1767216845&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-300x200.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-1024x682.jpeg\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-139241\" src=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29a79204-1264-4779-be54-8fb167852df7.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 1992.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 1983<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 1986<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (1988 (DUEG\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 1980.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a).\u0664<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b<a href=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"139243\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/?attachment_id=139243\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"608,358\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3-300x177.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3.jpeg\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-139243\" src=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3-300x177.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3-300x177.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/elhourriya.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2e6d1bf-6e10-44d3-bbed-bb60a75eadb3.jpeg 608w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>1- \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 2012\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 2013\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 2018\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>2. \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 1996:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 1996<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>1996<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 1998<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 1999<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 2015\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2015\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 2021\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2018\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2019\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 2019\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u06442021\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>3- \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>&#8211; \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633) \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 2000.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>&#8211; \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 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